Monthly Archives: December 2020

Opera production & the circular economy: interview with Thierry Leonardi (Lyon Opera)

By tanjabeer

This interview is the first of a series of interviews that I am conducting with eco-theatre professionals over the next couple of months. Thierry Leonardi has been working for culture for the last 25 years. He has been the Lyon Opera Ballet General Manager from 1995 to 2015 and the sustainability officer of the Lyon Opera from 2008 to 2015. Since 2016 he has worked as a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) consultant with cultural organisations, helping them to formalize and implement their sustainability strategies and road maps. He is a member of the labelling committee of French CSR label Lucie26000.

How did your interest in theatre and sustainable production begin?

In 2008, I was working as the general manager of the Lyon Opera’s ballet company when I was invited to join an internal working group on sustainability. Believe it or not, I never heard of sustainability beforehand. All these issues and stakes connected to one another made so much sense and were deeply challenging our routine. They were really opening up new horizons.

What does sustainability mean to you? How do you define it (for yourself and others)?

Sustainability is an evolving concept. It has challenged the economy for the last twenty years through the concept of corporate social responsibility. In other words, economic activities only make sense if they prove to be socially useful – if they contribute to a more inclusive and ethical society. A favourable climate, a well-preserved (and possibly restored) biodiverse environment and resource availability are all prerequisites for such a society. Instead of understanding sustainability as the intersection of three circles (economy, social & environment), I prefer to represent it as the inclusion of these circles, from economy (the smallest one) to environment. Lastly, I think it is clear for most of us that sustainable development is a cultural issue. We need to rethink our values to forge new narratives, among which frugality will probably be a major one. This creates a fourth circle and I would represent it as the bigger one, as culture (in its anthropological sense) has an impact on nature. On a more personal level, frugality would probably be the best word to translate sustainability, but I am still far from it!

Can you tell me about some of your recent work on the OSCaR project? How is it proposing a new approachto Opera production?

OSCaR was born from the conviction that the Opera industry needs collective action and capacity building to make substantial progress in eco-design, and that Europe is in a strong position to produce significant results in this area. OSCaR is the very first step in a long journey towards circular economy in the Opera industry that focuses on the lifecycle of set design, manufacturing and management. It includes seven partners and is co-funded by the Creative Europe Programme of the European Union. The project includes finalising a state-of-the-art review of (eco) set design practices in European Opera Houses, which should be published in the first quarter of 2021. It will also include an exploration of the management processes involved in the lifecycles of opera sets. The outcomes of these two inquiries will be shared with the technical (and production) departments of European Opera Houses. Hopefully we will be able to set up more collaboration opportunities to deepen the research and development on a few specific topics.

Can you tell me about the EDEOS tool? How does it work in practice? What are you hoping to achieve with the tool and how does it compare with other tools such as the Julies Bicycle IG tool?

While OSCaR is a collective circular economy exploration project with eco-innovation at the core of its vision, EDEOS is an eco-design tool that has been developed by the Lyon Opera for its own needs, the first version of which has already been operational for one year. Both initiatives contribute to the same quest from two different perspectives. EDEOS is a footprint calculator for stage sets which assesses four categories of potential damages, including: climate, human health, ecosystems and non-renewable resources. Based on manufacturing scenarios, calculations are made during the set design concept phase, which makes EDEOS a real decision-making tool. As well as calculating the footprint of set designs, EDEOS also measures key indicators of eco-design, such as the percentage of reused or recycled elements used in scenic manufacturing. Eco-design indicator values are calculated before the set is constructed, as well as considering what happens to the sets afterwards based on manufacturing scenarios. This includes identifying the impact of construction methods on the quality of materials.

The present version of EDEOS consists in two Excel spreadsheets: one calculator and a database. The database includes all the supplies and technical solutions that are referenced by the set workshop of the Lyon Opera. The impact values associated with the supplies are calculated through a lifecycle analysis (LCA). The implemented lifecycle analysis methodology (LCA) is called IMPACT 2002+, and the database used for impact calculations is called Ecoinvent. They are both extensively used by LCA experts. So far, half of the supplies referenced by the Lyon Opera workshops have gone through an LCA process and our first task is to complete the database.

As I said above, EDEOS is a decision-making tool. Its purpose is not to have a very precise value of a set design footprint but to improve eco-design practices by making better informed decisions. I don’t know comparable tools in the French cultural industry, nor abroad actually, but I could have missed something. By ‘comparable’ I mean, a decision-making tool that is more than a carbon calculator. Julie’s Bicycle IG tool is an auto-assessment tool of a cultural organisation’s environmental policy, on three stages of its implementation: commitment, understanding and improvement. Its purpose is different than EDEOS.

What has been the industry’s response to the tool so far? Has the response been positive or have you also been met with resistance?

To date, EDEOS has only been used by the Lyon Opera and has been designed to answer the needs of that organisation, with a database that includes its own supplies and impact data. Nevertheless, EDEOS could provide a good foundation for a shared industry tool, which could also include cinema and exhibitions. We have already introduced EDEOS to different communities in France and abroad and so far, they have shown a real interest. We are still in the process of presenting the tool to get more feedback, and are planning to test it with a few opera houses during the first half of 2021. This testing phase requires an appropriate organisation, because just leaving EDEOS in the hands of other users might be counterproductive.

In her speech at World Stage Design in 2013, eco-arts scholar Wallace Heim argued that the time will soon come when theatres will need to justify excessive and unsustainable behaviour – when ‘those who want massive spectacles, world tours, and blazing lights will have to openly justify and account for those technologies and excessive and exceptional drains’ (2013). What do you think about this argument? Do you think carbon budgets will be an inevitable part of our future? How have you seen carbon budgets used in your work? Can you give an example?

I think she is right. When I started to work on sustainability at the Lyon Opera about 10 years ago, I thought that within 10 years the French Ministry of Culture and local governments would include sustainability criteria in their funding decisions. We are not quite there yet but things are speeding up. Something is interesting about this speeding up: industry professionals are asking for it, including small companies. The impact of touring is really questioned now and when you talk about touring, you are talking about your business model, which makes sustainability finally strategic. It is the same with private sponsorship, which is also financially crucial for certain organisations and is ever more challenged by ethical questions. I don’t mean that we should totally waiver the option of touring, but probably reduce it and learn how to do it differently. Once again, for me it is about shifting from excess to moderation or frugality. I guess that at some point audiences themselves will ask for accountability. So, specifically, I think that we will come to having environmental budgets (whether strictly carbon or not) in assessing our projects and making decisions, just like we do with money. I believe that resource wise we’ll have to do with less, so we will need to set limits in absolute values. I have not seen such budgets in the cultural industry so far, which is consistent with its slow adoption of sustainability, but I couldn’t say that nobody has done it yet.

What do you think the future of theatre will look like for a climate-resilient world?

Being an absolute necessity, frugality might become a cardinal value of our future societies. I would not be surprised if these societies also develop an aesthetics of moderation. Artworks will probably address more extensively impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss etc., if only through the social, economic, political and geopolitical consequences of these changes. If I am more specific, I guess there will be less excessive productions and touring of theatre, cinema and exhibitions. In other words, the lifecycle of productions will slow down, like our own lives maybe. Our relationship to art/theatre/cinema works will also change, and hopefully we will not be mere ‘cultural goods consumers’ anymore.

The post, Opera production & the circular economy: interview with Thierry Leonardi (Lyon Opera), appeared first on Ecoscenography.
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Ecoscenography.com has been instigated by designer Tanja Beer – a PhD candidate at the University of Melbourne, Australia, investigating the application of ecological design principles to theatre.

Tanja Beer is a researcher and practitioner in ecological design for performance and the creator of The Living Stage – an ecoscenographic work that combines stage design, permaculture and community engagement to create recyclable, biodegradable and edible performance spaces. Tanja has more than 15 years professional experience, including creating over 50 designs for a variety of theatre companies and festivals in Australia (Sydney Opera House, Melbourne International Arts Festival, Queensland Theatre Company, Melbourne Theatre Company, Arts Centre) and overseas (including projects in Vienna, London, Cardiff and Tokyo).

Since 2011, Tanja has been investigating sustainable practices in the theatre. International projects have included a 2011 Asialink Residency (Australia Council for the Arts) with the Tokyo Institute of Technology and a residency with the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama (London) funded by a Norman Macgeorge Scholarship from the University of Melbourne. In 2013, Tanja worked as “activist-in-residence” at Julie’s Bicycle (London), and featured her work at the 2013 World Stage Design Congress (Cardiff)

Tanja has a Masters in Stage Design (KUG, Austria), a Graduate Diploma in Performance Making (VCA, Australia) and is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Melbourne where she also teaches subjects in Design Research, Scenography and Climate Change. A passionate teacher and facilitator, Tanja has been invited as a guest lecturer and speaker at performing arts schools and events in Australia, Canada, the USA and UK. Her design work has been featured in The Age and The Guardian and can be viewed at www.tanjabeer.com

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Q30: Issue Takeover: Lamentation

WEAD, Women Eco Artists Dialog, is a nonprofit focusing on women’s unique perspectives and contributions in the eco and social justice art fields. Our global constituency numbers 400+/- activist feminist art workers (inclusive reading of “art, feminism, woman, gender”). WEAD’s issue takeover — Q30: “LAMENTATION” unearths GRIEF found in members’ art and words. Facing oppressive loss of critical ecosystems, where is hope?

The Ocean Inside

By Susan Hoffman Fishman

Dutch-Canadian printmaker Eveline Kolijn grew up in the Caribbean where she developed an enduring interest in natural history and the environment, as well as a love of the ocean. Having spent a great deal of her childhood scuba diving in the coral reefs, she originally thought of becoming a marine biologist before her life took her in another direction. 

In 1997, Kolijn emigrated to Calgary, Alberta, a land-locked province in Western Canada where she established her printmaking practice. During her explorations of the region, she visited areas in the Canadian Rockies that were riddled with coral fossils dating back millions of years to a time when the land encompassing Alberta was a tropical sea. Similar in structure to the living corals in the Caribbean today, the coral fossils reinforced Kolijn’s ongoing interest in coral reefs and her concern about the current degradation of the beautiful reefs that she had known as a child. 

Repeated visits to the Island of Curaçao, where her parents had settled and where the reefs had deteriorated to a disturbing level from the effects of the climate crisis and other environmental stresses, motivated her to begin what was to become a three-year project that she called The Ocean Inside. The name acknowledges that even in a place where the sea is nowhere to be seen, in the “inside” of her country, there is evidence of sea life.  

Rocky Mountain coral fossils

A multimedia installation incorporating printmaking, video, animation, and sound, The Ocean Inside addresses the environmental status of and critical functions provided by our oceans, and the threats to the marine life living in them. The project evolved in stages as Kolijn added all of its various components.

For many years, Kolijn filmed underwater footage, primarily in the Caribbean, which captured both the beauty and degradation of the shoreline and coral reefs. Based on the success of previous installations in Australia and Spain with similar materials, Kolijn knew that for The Ocean Inside she wanted to project edited video footage from her underwater video archive onto a translucent polyester veil that would be handprinted with a network of phytoplankton – microscopic marine plants that are a major source of food for marine life and are responsible for producing an estimated 50% of the world’s oxygen. The patterns on the printed veil, which would be embedded with glittering mica, would intersect with the projected imagery to create a dynamic, shimmering and layered effect. Kilijn calls the veil a representation of “the web of life.”

Ocean Veil, print detail. Lino-print with mica on polyester voile showing the reflective and light blocking qualities of the veil, 270 x 420 cm (2017). Photo by Eveline Kolijn.

Additional elements in the video include animated versions of Kolijn’s printed images that dance and pulsate across the screen, as well as ceramic discs printed with coral images. She also created sixteen poetic statements that encourage viewers to personalize the video experience. Rather than using music as a soundtrack, she recruited individuals to read these statements in their Indigenous or native languages, which included Dutch, English, French, Greek, Japanese, Mandarin, Nahuati, Papiamentoe, Polish, Russian, Shona, Spanish, Tagalog, Te Reo Maori, and Urdu, to emphasize the universal nature of water and the global reach of the climate crisis. One example of such a statement is, “My blood is my private ocean containing a chemical memory of the source of life.” 

The Ocean Inside has been installed in Calgary (2017 and 2019) and in Spain (2018), and was scheduled to be installed in Puerto Rico at the Southern Conference Graphics International and in Crete in 2020, but were either cancelled or postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Coral Phages: Guardians of the Host or mediators of Infection? Photopolymer and zinc intaglio, 33 x 48.3 cm, 1/14 (2020). Collection Zuckerman Museum of Art (Kennesaw State University, GA, U.S.A.) as part of the Southern Conference Graphics International archival collection. Reproduced with permission of the portfolio curator. Photo by Eveline Kolijn.
TIDALECTICS

In 2020, Kolijn curated and produced a boxed print portfolio entitled, Tidalectics, which incorporates the work of 11 printmaking artists who collaborated with marine biologists to create artwork related to the ocean. She selected the title – which had been used by Stephanie Hessler in her own book by the same name and referred to a new worldview of the ocean that merges the arts, sciences, history, and environmental studies – to emphasize the cross-disciplinary nature of her project. With the assistance of Dr. Mark Vermeij, a leading figure in current marine biology research in the Caribbean, Kolijn recruited each of the artists and then matched them with marine biologists, based on the artists’ preferred area of interest. 

After a number of virtual interactions, the artists created visual responses to the work of their collaborating scientists. Kolijn partnered with Dr. Forest Rohwer, Principal at Rohwer Lab in San Diego, California, whose research focuses on the role of microbes and viruses in coral reef health and disease. Her piece in the portfolio, Coral Phages: Guardians of the Host or mediators of Infection?, is a photopolymer and zinc intaglio print. She was quick to point out that the scientists involved in the project were delighted that the artists were interested in what they were doing and pleased that their work would reach audiences beyond their scientific disciplines.

These days, Kolijn is reading, studying, and reflecting on what it means to be an artist in the Anthropocene. She says, “for a long time residing at the periphery, the topic of art and environment is poised to take center stage.” With both The Ocean Inside and Tidalectics, she has demonstrated that visual art can play an important role in providing comprehensible access and an emotional connection to the scientific world.

(Top image: Video still from The Ocean Inside projected on the Veil (2018-2019). Photo by Eveline Kolijn.)

This article is part of Imagining Water, a series on artists of all genres who are making the topic of water and climate disruption a focus of their work and on the growing number of exhibitions, performances, projects and publications that are appearing in museums, galleries and public spaces around the world with water as a theme.

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Susan Hoffman Fishman is a painter, public artist and writer whose work has been exhibited in widely in museums and galleries throughout the U.S. Since 2011, all of her paintings, installations and photographs have addressed water and climate change. She co-created a national, participatory public art project, The Wave, which addresses our mutual need for and interdependence on water and which has inspired thousands of adults and children of all ages, abilities and backgrounds to protect this vital resource. Her most recent body of work calls attention to the growing number of rampikes along our shores – trees that have been exposed to salt water and died as a result of rising tides.

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Artists and Climate Change is a blog that tracks artistic responses from all disciplines to the problem of climate change. It is both a study about what is being done, and a resource for anyone interested in the subject. Art has the power to reframe the conversation about our environmental crisis so it is inclusive, constructive, and conducive to action. Art can, and should, shape our values and behavior so we are better equipped to face the formidable challenge in front of us.

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Ben’s Strategy Blog: How, and why, are we applying cultural practices to Clyde Rebuilt? 

In our collaborative work on Clyde Rebuilt, Creative Carbon Scotland (CCS) is supporting development of inter-connected projects that will help Glasgow City Region adapt to the impacts of climate change.

Our partners on the Clyde Rebuilt project are Sniffer, a resilience-focused charity that runs the Adaptation Scotland programme for the Scottish Government; Paul Watkiss Associates, an economics consultancy specialising in climate adaptation; EIT (European Innovation & Technology) Climate-KIC (Knowledge and Innovation Community), the EU’s climate change innovation hub; and Climate Ready Clyde, the grouping of local authorities, universities, health trusts and others working together on adaptation in the City Region – an area that encompasses a third of the population and a third of the economic activity of Scotland.

What is our role in such a large project? Where do culture and the arts fit in? And why was EIT Climate-KIC, which is funding a significant part of the project, so keen to see CCS involved? In this strategy blog I’ll explore these questions and rehearse some of my own thoughts.

Our job, according to the successful application we submitted, is to â€˜provide knowledge, contacts, management and advice relating to cultural practices, artists and approaches that will be harnessed across the work packages to achieve the project outputs and objectives…. [We will] use the kinds of research, knowledge, ideas, imagination, and techniques that are commonly used in the cultural world to input into and inform the work of the other packages within the consortium. This will be supported by the Director of Creative Carbon Scotland, who will provide expertise and advice to the Climate Ready Clyde team based on his combination of artistic and climate change experience.’

So that means…

Collaborating on events about adaptation with cultural partners 

The most obviously cultural thing we are doing is working on events with cultural organisations Rig Arts(a socially engaged arts and film charity in Inverclyde), Glasgow Women’s Library (the only accredited museum in the UK dedicated to women’s lives, histories, and achievements) and Lateral North (a research and design collective based on an architectural background that collaborates with communities and institutions to respond to social, environmental, and political change).

Rig Arts and GWL have each run events using their usual sort of work focusing in some way on climate change adaptation but starting very much from the viewpoint of the communities they work with. Rig Arts sent some materials to workshop participants who will work with an artist to create an e-zine using both visual and verbal forms to imagine responses in Inverclyde to future climate changes. Glasgow Women’s Library approached two speakers who stimulated a discussion with readers and volunteers from their regular audience for an event focusing on climate change adaptation from the perspectives of artist, Clem Sandison, who discussed food growing and issues around land ownership, and Dania Thomas, a trustee of the Ubuntu Women Shelter, who highlighted key issues around unrepresented voices in climate change discussions and the problem of the western-centric view of the issue and solutions.

In each case the event started from the participants’ perception of adaptation, and there were adaptation professionals present from member organisations of Climate Ready Clyde to help make the link between the participants’ concerns and interests and those organisations’ climate adaptation programmes. These two events sparked some novel ideas for collaborations or different ways of engaging people in adaptation projects or finding financial support for them.  

In the final event with Lateral North the focus wasn’t so much on using cultural practices, but creativity kept on recurring in speakers’ and participants’ comments in a more standard workshop-type event. And working with an organisation coming from a creative and cultural background the participants came from a much wider group than would normally be represented at an ‘adaptation event’.

Crucially, these organisations and the communities they work with would not normally be invited to be part of the conversation about adaptation, and if they were, that conversation would tend to start from the adaptation perspective rather than the perspective of the communities’ experience of life in Glasgow City Region. But strangely enough, adaptation is not a concept that most people are thinking about! It is a professional issue for people whose job requires it. Creative Carbon Scotland’s contacts with cultural organisations mean we can introduce Clyde Rebuilt to these different voices. Our experience and understanding of such organisations mean we can help shape events using cultural practice and create an opportunity for these different perspectives to be fully expressed and explored.

Glasgow night street scene with traffic and a traffic sign reading 'heavy rain forecast' by Ross Sneddon on Unsplash
Contributing to Clyde Rebuilt events using cultural practices and techniques

second element of our work is contributing to both Clyde Rebuilt’s internal meetings and their workshops with outside participants. We bring in techniques and practices derived from the cultural world. For example, we have often begun Clyde Rebuilt team and Project Board meetings by reading a poem, and sometimes have used a haiku-writing exercise. And for our larger workshops we have replaced the energy-sapping (particularly on Zoom) â€˜let’s go round the table introducing ourselves’ with an icebreakerwhere everyone is asked to close their eyes and imagine a future, climate–changed Glasgow City Region, and then speak about how their organisation is responding to a particularly severe heatwave.

Depending on your experience and point of view these may seem radical or very straightforward ways of doing things. The response from Clyde Rebuilt team members the first time we did the icebreaker surprised me. It took me no time to think up, as it is something I might have done in a drama workshop with a youth theatre or adult drama group, and yet it was felt to have been a very unusual and powerful way to start the meeting. I was rather gratified!

How do these approaches make a difference? First, they tell people that this isn’t the usual sort of meeting, so they had better sit up and pay attention. Second, they ask you to apply not just your knowledge but your imagination. Climate change adaptation requires us to put ourselves in the shoes of someone else – even if that someone is ourselves in a future time. Imagination is a powerful tool for this but is often neglected in administrative or technical roles and can even be frowned upon if your job involves technical knowledge; you don’t want an engineer to imagine the strength of wall needed for a new flood defence â€“ you want them to do the maths! But you might want an engineer to imagine themselves living next to that flood wall, and how it would change their relationship with the river they have lived beside all their lives. Everyone round the meeting room table has an imagination that they use in other parts of their lives. Our job here is to stimulate it for these circumstances. 

There’s also something important about joint imagining, where you do it with and as part of a group. This can build on and stimulate others’ imagination, which helps develop a richer, fuller picture of the future Glasgow City Region. The metaphors and references in the haikus will spur different but related ideas in others’ heads, stimulating memories or innovations, creating a shared set of references, widening the team’s perspective. And maybe this joint imagining requires people to commit to the group, sharing a bit of themselves, making themselves a little bit vulnerable (‘Will my poem be laughed at? Is my idea stupid?’), leading to a stronger bond between people and to the shared endeavour.

Contributing to strategic thinking and process 

Finally, I have brought to the project my experience as a theatre producer and director, commissioner and writer of plays and operas, and manager of creative talents such as actors, writers, composers, and project managers. And perhaps surprisingly, Clyde Rebuilt is a project that has needed some skills and practices that I learned in those roles. For example: reading and understanding complex texts and images, written in obscure ways. As a director of contemporary music theatre I had to read, understand, interpret and communicate to musicians and singers the meaning of musical scores often written in unique notation, with lots of room for interpretation. One page from Sir Peter Maxwell Davies’ Eight Songs for a Mad King has the musicians’ and singers’ instructions (you can barely call them lines of music) in the shape of a bird cage, as George III was trying to teach his caged birds to speak. And compare this with a slide from EIT Climate KIC, whose language is complex and obscure, but does repay ‘translation’. I’m used to weird diagrams!  

A slide from EIT Climate-KIC’s Deep Demonstrations design process.

I’ve also been able to contribute to crafting the right narrative for key documents that need to be read and understood by a wide range of audiences. As a theatre director you need the skills to make sure that the whole audience is at the same point of understanding at the same time: if some people are behind then the entire audience loses its focus, different people will gasp or laugh or cry at different moments, weakening the joint response. These same skills can be applied to project descriptions and strategy documents. And this isn’t just about the writing, but also the shared thinking by the project team: we all need to have the same understanding for the ‘audience’ to get it. 

And the process of co-design, whereby the project is not designed by a small group but is jointly created by the project team, participants at workshops and others, is remarkably similar to the process of rehearsing a play. As director I was mandated to make decisions for the group but needed to earn and maintain their trust and respect, melding ideas from others who are much more knowledgeable than I am to create the best possible outcome. This takes time, listening, thinking and sometimes diplomacy, and the same has been true in Clyde Rebuilt. 

These and others are transferable ‘cultural practices’ that I hope enrich the whole team and the project. They aren’t exclusive to cultural practitioners, nor do all artists use them, but our training, our experience and our jobs often strengthen these skills and techniques. 

The Clyde Rebuilt project is complex, enormous in scale and very challenging. The whole aim – and the reason EIT Climate-KIC is funding it – is that these projects require us to do things that nobody has ever done before. That suits an artistic perspective well; which artist ever wanted to do the same as someone else? I feel we contribute usefully to the project and we’ll be doing some research at the end to understand better how effective it has been and in just what ways these practices have had an impact.

The post Ben’s Strategy Blog: How, and why, are we applying cultural practices to Clyde Rebuilt?  appeared first on Creative Carbon Scotland.

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Creative Carbon Scotland is a partnership of arts organisations working to put culture at the heart of a sustainable Scotland. We believe cultural and creative organisations have a significant influencing power to help shape a sustainable Scotland for the 21st century.

In 2011 we worked with partners Festivals Edinburgh, the Federation of Scottish Threatre and Scottish Contemporary Art Network to support over thirty arts organisations to operate more sustainably.

We are now building on these achievements and working with over 70 cultural organisations across Scotland in various key areas including carbon management, behavioural change and advocacy for sustainable practice in the arts.

Our work with cultural organisations is the first step towards a wider change. Cultural organisations can influence public behaviour and attitudes about climate change through:

Changing their own behaviour;
Communicating with their audiences;
Engaging the public’s emotions, values and ideas.

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